ABCD group, COFCO, and the soybean oligopoly:

geoeconomic reconfigurations among Brazil, China, and the United States

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.62516/terra_livre.2025.3849

Keywords:

Brazil, China, United States of America, Transnational Corporations, Soybean

Abstract

The article examines the formation of the oligopoly of transnational soybean traders, focusing on how the ABCD group companies (ADM, Bunge, Cargill, and Louis Dreyfus), alongside the recent rise of COFCO, interact within the spheres of influence of the United States and China, and how this dynamic impacts the territorial reality of Brazil. Methodologically, the research is based on a literature review, collection of secondary data on soybean production and distribution in the international market, and analytical discussion of these datasets. The findings indicate that the United States and China aim to host transnational corporations (TNCs) to strategically embed themselves in the sector, while Brazil, lacking comparable capacity, disproportionately bears the burdens of this supply chain.

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Author Biographies

Josué Kuhn Völz, Universidade de Brasília (UnB)

Ph.D. Candidate in International Relations (University of Brasília – UnB) and master in Geography (Federal University of Pelotas – UFPel). Holds a Bachelor’s degree in International Relations from the Federal University of Pelotas (2016), a Bachelor’s degree in Rural Development from the Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (2022), and a Specialization (Lato Sensu) in Pedology and Geomorphology from Faculdade Metropolitana. Studies disputes and cooperation among actors in the global soybean production chain. During his first undergraduate degree, he participated in scientific research through the project "The Decolonial Turn and Latin America: Contributions to the Global Debate on Theories of the South", funded by a PIBIC/CNPq scholarship. He also contributed to the TecSol-UFPel extension project (Technological Incubator for Solidarity Economic Enterprises), focusing on research in Fair Trade. His undergraduate thesis analyzed the impact of the geopolitics of knowledge on the hierarchical classification of nation-states through frameworks such as developed/underdeveloped, First/Third World, and Global North/South. In his Bachelor’s program in Rural Development Planning and Management (PLAGEDER – UFRGS), he interned at an agroecological property, a rural tourism enterprise, and family-owned agro-industries. His final project examined the relationship between world-system dynamics and agrarian transformations in the Serra dos Tapes region of Rio Grande do Sul. He has expertise in Political Science, with an emphasis on Geopolitics, focusing on themes such as world-systems theory, agrarian systems, International Relations theory, post-colonial theory, and systemic approaches. During his master’s studies, he joined the GEOTER Research Group (Political Geography, Geopolitics, and Territorialities). His dissertation explored the interplay between state actors and transnational corporations in shaping the field termed "New Geopolitics."

Tiaraju Salini Duarte, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia

He is an Associate Professor at the Federal University of Uberlândia (UFU), holding a PhD in Human Geography with a focus on territorial planning from the University of São Paulo (USP). He earned his Bachelor’s degree in Geography from the Federal University of Pelotas (UFPel) and a Master’s degree in Geography, specializing in regional planning, from the Federal University of Rio Grande (FURG). Previously, he served as an Associate Professor at the Federal University of Goiás (Goiânia Campus) from 2017 to 2018, teaching in the Geography (Licentiate and Bachelor’s) and Environmental Sciences programs. He was also an Associate Professor at the Federal University of Pelotas from 2018 to 2024. He leads the GEOTER Research Group, registered with CNPq since 2018, and coordinates the following research projects: “Geopolitics and Territory: Hegemonic and Counter-Hegemonic Fields” (2018–present) and “Public Security and the Territorial System of Drug Trafficking: Nodes, Networks, and Weaves in the State of Rio Grande do Sul” (2023–present). Additionally, he is a member of the Graduate Program in Geography (Master’s and Doctoral levels) at the Federal University of Pelotas and the Graduate Program in Geography at Pontal Campus (UFU).

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2025-09-15

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KUHN VÖLZ, Josué; SALINI DUARTE, Tiaraju. ABCD group, COFCO, and the soybean oligopoly:: geoeconomic reconfigurations among Brazil, China, and the United States. Terra Livre, [S. l.], v. 1, n. 64, p. 470–515, 2025. DOI: 10.62516/terra_livre.2025.3849. Disponível em: https://publicacoes.agb.org.br/terralivre/article/view/3849. Acesso em: 5 dec. 2025.

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  1. Atribuição — Você deve dar o crédito apropriado , fornecer um link para a licença e indicar se as alterações foram feitas . Você pode fazê-lo de qualquer maneira razoável, mas não de qualquer forma que sugira que o licenciante endossa você ou seu uso.
  2. Não Comercial — Você não pode usar o material para fins comerciais .
  3. ShareAlike — Se você remixar, transformar ou construir sobre o material, você deve distribuir suas contribuições sob a mesma licença que o original.
  4. Sem restrições adicionais — Você não pode aplicar termos legais ou medidas tecnológicas que restrinjam legalmente outras pessoas de fazer qualquer coisa que a licença permita.